Why binary search is the fastest search

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Pseudorandom number generators

It's a well-known programming fact that computers do exactly and only what you tell them to do ( ignoring, possibly, the incidence of cosmic rays ).  This fact makes it impossible for a computer to produce a truly random number since, given a program's particular starting state and inputs, the computer will always produce the same output - so if one were to know the starting state and inputs one would always be able to predict the output state.  Truly random processes cannot be predicted in this way. Despite this, computers are used constantly to produce "random" behavior, from online poker websites to monte carlo simulators to photo screensavers that always show the wrong photo at the wrong time.  To generate these to-human-eyes-random effects, programmers use what are known as pseudorandom number generators , which algorithmically produce numbers which are hard to predict if you do not know the initial inputs (known as seeds). One of the best and most well-know...
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Making Logic Gates in JavaScript

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Everyone knows that computer programs are made of bits - the ones and zeros that hold all the information that keeps our modern life running. But how do you get from numbers to programs - how simple ones and zeros do  anything? The answer is logic gates (as well as a whole bunch of stuff about how electronics are built - you need to actually make these logic gates on out of circuits in order for our logic structures to be enacted; but I'm a programmer, not an electrical engineer, so let's not go there).  A logic gate is what's known as a  Boolean function , a mathematical operation that takes in bits and spits out more bits. Each logic gate takes in two bits of information (as mentioned before, generally denoted as a 1 (also sometimes represented as true ) or a zero (also sometimes represented as false )), so there are four possible inputs to a logic gate: {0, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, and {1, 1}.  For each of these inputs, a logic gate can spit out either a 1 or a 0, so t...
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